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Summary Of: Gravity turn

The term gravity turn is also used to describe the use of a planet... whereas the gravity turn only changes the direction the spacecraft is traveling... The gravity turn is commonly utilized with launch vehicles such as a rocket or the... maneuver is the only time during an ideal gravity turn ascent that thrust must be used for purposes of steering... The gravity turn descent is well suited to vehicles such as the... program called Lander which was used to simulate gravity turn landings used exactly this concept by actually simulating a vehicle taking off from the surface... with a gravity turn launch and making the fuel flow rate negative... The idea of using a gravity turn maneuver to land a vehicle was originally developed for the... In this case a gravity turn is not the optimal entry trajectory but it does allow for approximation of the true... The gravity turn trajectory is most commonly utilized during the initial launch stage of a rocket... after the gravity turn through the atmosphere... of the Apollo missions this transition from a gravity turn pitch program to closed... To serve as an example of how the gravity turn can be used for a powered landing... a near constant visual separation from an ideal gravity turn until the landing is almost complete... Although gravity turn trajectories use minimal steering thrust they are not always the most efficient possible launch or... Several things can affect the gravity turn procedure making it less efficient or even impossible due to the design limitations of the... change in both speed and direction whereas the gravity turn only changes the direction of flight... the Apollo program were carried out using a gravity turn in order to minimize lateral stress on the rocket... the lunar landers utilized a gravity turn landing and ascent from the moon... first flyby of Mercury the spacecraft underwent a gravity turn which allowed it to make a second flyby of the planet... The simplest case of the gravity turn trajectory is that which describes a point mass vehicle...

Encyclodia Page On: Gravity turn

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trajectory optimization | orbit | planet | moon | trajectory | rocket's | thrust | gravity | angle of attack | stress | gravitational slingshot | A diagram showing the velocity vectors for times t and t + 1 during the vertical climb phase.  The launch vehicle's new velocity is the vector sum of its old velocity, the acceleration from thrust, and the acceleration of gravity.  More formally  Vt + 1 = Vt + athrust * Δt + agravity * Δt | | Space Shuttle | gravity drag | heading | A diagram showing the velocity vectors for times t and t + 1 during the downrange acceleration phase.  As before the launch vehicle's new velocity is the vector sum of its old velocity, the acceleration from thrust, and the acceleration of gravity.  Because gravity acts straight down, the new velocity vector is closer to being level with the horizon; gravity has "turned" the trajectory downward. | | parabola | multi-stage | lunar modules | Apollo program | Lunar Surveyor | The deorbit, coast, and possible reentry phase leading up to the beginning of the final landing burn. | | orbital velocity | periapsis | Mars | heat shields | delta-v | The final approach and landing portion of the descent.  The vehicle loses horizontal speed while transitioning to a vertical hover, allowing it to settle down on the surface. | | control | guidance | ballistic missile | inertial guidance system | gyroscopes | British | Black Arrow | open-loop | closed-loop guidance | reaction control system | lander | control moment gyroscope | Atmosphere | gravity drag | Maximum dynamic pressure | Dynamic pressure | max Q | thrust | payload | free return trajectory | Surveyor program | Apollo program | Saturn V | Mariner 10 | Ulysses | Jupiter | analytically | integrated numerically | September 30 | 1988 | NASA | NASA | NASA | NASA | NASA | doi | v | d | Orbits | Box | Capture | Circular | Elliptical | Highly elliptical | Escape | Graveyard | Hyperbolic trajectory | Inclined | Non-inclined | Osculating | Parabolic trajectory | Parking | Synchronous | semi | sub | Geocentric | Geosynchronous | Geostationary | Sun-synchronous | Low Earth | Medium Earth | Molniya | Near-equatorial | Orbit of the Moon | Polar | Tundra | Areosynchronous | Areostationary | Halo | Lissajous | Lunar | Heliocentric | Heliosynchronous | Classical | Inclination | Longitude of the ascending node | Eccentricity | Argument of periapsis | Semi-major axis | Mean anomaly | epoch | True anomaly | Semi-minor axis | Linear eccentricity | Eccentric anomaly | Mean longitude | True longitude | Orbital period | Maneuvers | Bi-elliptic transfer | Geostationary transfer | Gravity assist | Hohmann transfer | Inclination change | Phasing | Rendezvous | Transposition, docking, and extraction | orbital mechanics | Apsis | Celestial coordinate system | Delta-v budget | Epoch | Ephemeris | Equatorial coordinate system | Ground track | Interplanetary Transport Network | Kepler's laws of planetary motion | Lagrangian point | Low energy transfers | n-body problem | Oberth effect | Orbit equation | Orbital speed | Orbital state vectors | Perturbation | Retrograde and direct motion | Specific orbital energy | Specific relative angular momentum | List of orbits | Categories | Celestial mechanics | Orbits | Rocketry | Spaceflight |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Gravity turn".